Heleniums - old and new, tall and short, yellows and reds
The leaves of native Sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale) were added to snuff to make people sneeze in order to expel evil spirits and prevent hay fever. (Bless you!) Another common name is Swamp Sunflower because they multiply and take over moist meadows and damp woodlands. Linnaeus named them Helen’s Flower in a fanciful association with Helen of Troy’s tears that no one understands. Bittersweet and Bitterweed are other common names for the same plant. Overall, there are 40 Helenium species that are cold hardy in zones 3 to 8. Some are annuals and others are perennial herbs. All of them form clumps in damp but not wet soil. The species sizes range from 2 feet to 5 feet tall. Tall varieties may have to be staked at the end of the season unless they are pruned mid-summer. Like their close relatives, asters and sunflowers, Helenium’s flowers are daisy-like rays of petals. Heleniums bloom from late summer until frost with flower colors of yellow, orange, brown and reds...