Beefsteak Begonia - Propagate Stem Cuttings

Beefsteak Begonia

It's time to cut the long above ground root/rhizome off the Beefsteak Begonia and use the pieces to make more plants for friends.

This is such a gorgeous plant. The leaves look like lily pads and the flowers are a soft pink.

Begonia cutting with leaf

After pruning the long, fuzzy above-ground root/rhizome from the plant above, I cut it into sections and put each section into a self-watering container with sterile potting soil.

Begonia cutting with new growth

Each section of root that I plant has a leaf attached and the cutting is tucked just below the soil level.

As you can see, one of them already has a new dark-red-green leaf and a tiny pink flower bud.

Beefsteak Begonias like to be on the dry side even when you are propagating the roots to make new plants.

Brad's Begonia World

Witch Hazel and Fringeflower Blooming February

Native Witch Hazel, Hamamelis virgiana - February

In our back garden the native Witch Hazel Shrub, Hamamelis virgiana, grows next to Chinese Fringe flower, Loropetalum chinese.

This has been an especially mild winter so we can be outside for several hours a day now, admiring the daffodils, cleaning out the oak leaves and prepping the vegetable beds.

The Witch Hazel shrub came from
Pine Ridge Gardens native plant nursery in Arkansas.

It was only a one-gallon size shrub so it took a few years for it to mature enough to bloom.

This year it was completely covered with flowers! Here's a Fine Gardening article link to all things Witch Hazel. MOBOT praises its ability to cover a hillside and thrive in clay soils.

Chinese Fringeflower, Loropetalum chines - February

The Chinese Fringe flower shrub came in a 6-inch pot probably also three years ago. It isn't as tall as the Witch Hazel yet but is equally rewarding in terms of its urge to produce beautiful flowers in late winter.

This is one of the Proven Winners varieties from Spring Meadows Nursery. This one is called Jazz Hands Variegated. The leaves are variegated when they are young and mature to a rich, solid green as they mature.

At this time of year there are few leaves so the pink flowers are really a standout.

Both of these shrubs need some protection from our blazing summer heat so they are great companions that do not take over or grow too large for a home garden.

Grow Food for Money on Borrowed Land

Curtis Stone is excited about encouraging more and more people to take up urban farming (http://theurbanfarmer.co). So excited, in fact, that he has books, podcasts and websites full of free information to help anyone get started growing food for profit. 

His book, “The Urban Farmer: Growing food for profit on leased and borrowed land”, provides over 250-pages of tips, formulas, bed layout plans, plant lists and step-by step instructions.

The key message is, “The important thing is to just get started.  Because once you show people you are willing to do the work all kinds of opportunities will present themselves.  Once you move past the talk, and you put your words into action, people see those actions, and opportunities just present themselves.”

Stone farms on urban plots. He borrows or leases neighborhood front yards and vacant lots that total one-third acre or 15,000 square feet. From that one-third acre, he sells $80,000 in vegetables annually.

The Pareto Law (80/20 rule) is the focus of his podcast on the Permaculture Voices website (www.permaculturevoices.com). That means: focus on the 20% of customers and products that bring the highest profits.

Ten rules came from a review of his spreadsheets: Follow your own ideology but be reasonable, be an early adopter, start small to keep overhead low, seek out experienced farmers for high quality information, focus on things you can measure, measure everything, focus on high yield crops and market streams, organize crop zones, diversify products and develop systems that can be duplicated.

Stone double dug every bed on every plot every year when he started. Now he uses a rototiller and no-till farming (weed-cloth) for established beds.

He emphasizes that now is the time because farmers are scarce. Less than 2% of North Americans know how to grow food, plus, the average age of farmers today is 65 and they are retiring.

Gain the skills to be a farmer and you will always have work. There has never been a better time to be a farmer than today and you do not have to own land.

Vegetable production in neighborhoods builds social equity. Put your growing plots in neighborhood front yards where they will be seen and people will come to you for fresh food.

Starting small is the key to urban farming. Stone started with $7,000, some YouTube videos, a few library books and some borrowed plots of land.

Critical to success is high-grade information gained from local growers. They can tell you which irrigation methods, soil amendments, insect control works etc..

Stone recommends that new growers form groups comprised of 1/3 who are where you want to be, 1/3 people who are where you are, and  1/3 who are a bit behind where you are. Sharing information with that group on a regular basis will accelerate your learning exponentially.

Focus on harvesting, planting and marketing because you can measure those. Weeding, thinning and irrigation are not things you can measure. Give up on perfection; 85% is good enough.

Streamline processes with washing tables, consolidated preparation area, drying tables and other simple solutions.

Stone uses an intensive farming method called SPIN that optimizes harvest times. Half his beds are planted four times a season.

Stone’s rules for crop selection are clear. Only grow crops with less than 85 days to maturity, with high yield per square foot, good price per pound, that have a 4-month harvest period, vegetables that are in high demand, and can be sold to area stores and chefs.

His business, Green City Acres, is in Vancouver, where the growing season is 7 months. “Urban Farmer” is published by New Society, www.newsociety.com, 2016.  $20. It is a must-read for aspiring growers.

Tiny Seedlings - Poppies Cold Started Outside

On a Facebook international seed swap I trade seeds with a gardener in Sweden. We exchange seeds harvested from our own gardens, usually during the winter months. For her, the goal is to get my zone 7 seeds planted before her zone 6a soil is frozen solid.

Here, I winter-sow her seeds. Her semi-double purple poppies were planted in one of my gallon jug winter sown containers on 12-26-15 and they popped up last week.

When they were up and starting to grow true leaves, I moved the container into our heated shed, opened the top and let them sit in warmer temperatures in the sun for several days.

The next step is to gradually move them into individual cells.

The cell tray on the left holds just under 100 tiny containers. Each cell was filled with sterile potting soil and then put into a bottom watering tray to soak up water over night.

I used Popsicle sticks to separate the tiny seedlings and carefully put them into holes in the new soil that I made with a pencil. Then, more damp - not wet - soil is pressed around the seedlings to ensure contact.

It's a slow, careful process but next summer we'll have our own purple poppy seeds!

Amaryllis Gift from Longfield Gardens

Longfield Gardens
Amaryllis Gift Box

Forcing bulbs inside over the winter is part of a long-standing hobby that brings beauty into the house when we really need it! Spring is struggling to arrive but isn't here yet and we want to mess around with plants.

A lovely gift box arrived this week from Longfield Gardens.


In addition to the planter, soil, bulb and topper in the box, there was something I had never seen before - a warming blanket for
the bulb to prevent it from freezing during transit.

It's pre-heated by the shipper and discarded by the recipient.

Planting instructions are included though I confess I read them after I planted my bulb.

If you are interested in sending one of these, you have a choice of Amaryllis colors. Click on this link to see photos of them all.

I'll post photos as it grows since watching the progress is half the thrill of planting one of these beauties.

Here it is in full flower

Take Lavender Cuttings Now to Make New Plants

Lavender plant in Feb.

It's time to check your lavender plants for new growth and take cuttings to make new plants. I do this every year.

Most winters we lose at least one of our lavender plants and I like to maintain a supply of them for replacements. If we don't need them in our garden, we give them to other gardeners.

At this time of year you can use either/both hardwood or softwood cuttings.

 

Lavender cuttings in moist vermiculite

The hardwood cuttings have worked for me but can take longer to strike roots.

Cut a 4 to 6 inch long piece of the plant that includes a growing tip.

The softwood grows out of the bottom of the plant where it has recently emerged from the roots.

Remove the leaves from the bottom half of the cuttings.

Put moist sand, vermiculite or perlite into a container and make a hole in it with a pencil or other object - for each cutting. If you try to just stick the tender cuttings into planting medium it will bend.

Press cuttings in firmly, bringing sand up to the base of the cutting.

The rooting medium should be kept moist but not soggy. I check them every day or two.

Some of them will not make roots and those will just die after a while. Toss them out. But if you take 6 or 8 cuttings, you'll have plenty of lavender in time for fall perennial planting.

Cuttings need no sun or artificial light while making roots. The photos were taken in the sun for visibility only.

Cold Sarting Seeds

Planting seeds outside during the winter is essential for success with many plants, ideal for others, and just plain convenient for some.

Seeds that need cold treatment (cold stratification) include the ones with protective coatings, native wildflowers, and cold-hardy perennials. The instructions for seeds such as Pulmonaria and Achillea say to try to start them at 60-degrees but if that fails, chill the containers. Or, chill them at the beginning. Go to the website http://tomclothier.hort.net for a list of seeds’ requirements.

Three cold-treatment methods that work include: 1) Plant in recycled containers that are monitored outside; 2) Pre-chill the seeds in the refrigerator; and, 3) direct sow the seeds on prepared beds that are either open to the elements or mulched.

Flowers such as Poppies, Larkspur and Nigella are planted directly on top of prepared soil now. These and other deeply rooted flowers rarely do as well if they are transplanted from containers. 

Clear the bed and prepare the soil first. I usually put a thin layer of vermiculite on top and/or potting soil under winter-seeded areas so I can monitor them for rain or animal damage.

Green vegetables such as spinach, chard, broccoli, and kale can be direct-sown in the ground now and mulched. They come up when the soil and air temperature are to their liking. Some cool weather vegetables, such as Alaskan peas, can rot in the ground if they are planted this early because they are two-inches deep where the soil stays cold and wet.

Sowing seeds in recycled plastic is an ideal method for most perennial plants. The containers provide protection from birds, squirrels and neighborhood cats as well as reducing weather damage.

To make a min-greenhouse garden, collect clear plastic bottles from milk, juice, etc. Poke drainage holes in the bottom with scissors or something like a heated ice pick. Cut containers horizontally at least 4-inches from the bottom and discard the bottle caps.

Gather your seeds and write the plant’s name and date planted on the container with a permanent marker.  Also put a marked tag, such as a Popsicle stick inside each container.

When planting begins in the spring it will reduce the confusion if your labels include a hint about where they go in the garden (sun or shade, wet or good drainage, etc.).

Fill the bottom of each mini-greenhouse with loose soil such as commercial potting soil. Many people mix their own out of garden dirt, sand, compost and perlite.

Wet the soil and let it drain. Tiny seeds that need light to germinate are pressed into the top of the soil and seeds that need dark to germinate are pressed into the soil.

Secure the top of the greenhouses with tape. It does not have to be a perfect seal but you want it to hang together through rain, freeze, warm days and wind.   

Put the containers in a sunny spot where rain and snow can enter through the top. During periods of no rainfall, bottom water the greenhouses by putting them into a plastic and pouring water - not freezing cold water - into the pan. When the soil has absorbed enough water to be moist not wet, drain the saucers.

If plants emerge on warm days you can open the greenhouses but re-seal them again before freezing temperatures return.

To pre-chill seeds indoors, wet 1/3 cup garden sand with 2-teaspoons water. Add seed and refrigerate in a labeled plastic bag. Mark the bag with the ideal start and end dates of cold treatment. Check the seeds weekly for sprouting. Immediately plant into containers any seedlings that emerge.

Wait another month to start seeds of tender perennials and annuals.

Weeds - Weed Science Society of America

The Weed Science blog provided a link to their fact sheet about noxious, invasive, super and just plain weeds at  http://wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/WSSA-Weed-Science-Definitions.pdf

"Certain characteristics determine which term is most accurate – or whether the weed in question might actually fit into multiple categories."

Giant Foxtail

" a weed as a plant that causes economic losses or ecological damage, creates health problems for humans or animals, or is undesirable where it is growing. Examples: Crabgrass (Digitaria) Giant foxtail (Setaria faberii) Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)"

"Once a weed is classified as noxious, authorities can implement quarantines and take other actions to contain or destroy the weed and limit its spread. Examples: Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) Witchweed (Striga spp.)"

Hydrilla

"Invasive weed Invasive weeds are weeds that establish, persist and spread widely in natural ecosystems outside the plant’s native range. When in a foreign locale, these invaders often lack natural enemies to curtail their growth – enabling them to overrun native plants and ecosystems. It should be no surprise that many invasive weeds are also classified as noxious weeds by government authorities. Examples: Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Saltcedar/Tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) Downy Brome/Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)."

"Invasive weeds are not native to the ecosystem under consideration and cause or are likely to cause harm to human, animal or plant health, the economy or the environment."

Click over to the link at the top to read the rest and see the photos of all the weeds and their level of noxiousness.

Native Plants for zones 7-8

One of the many wonderful outcomes from native plants becoming popular again is that state university extension services are posting lists of native plants for gardeners.

Ten years ago most of us gardeners couldn't tell an Asian invasive from a native beneficial. Today, most gardeners are at least aware of the problems non-native plants can cause, in particular, choking out the ability of native plants to thrive and support local wildlife.

The University of Mississippi Landscape Services has posted a guide to commercially available native plants for that state.

MS growing zones range from 7a in the north (just south of Memphis TN) to 8b on the gulf coast.in Biloxi and Gulfport. Here's a map.

In contrast, Oklahoma is zone 6b on the Kansas line (Bartlesville) but zone 7 for most of the rest of the state. We all know how microclimates and rainfall variations make zone 7 wildly different from one area to another.

With all that said, the current changes in climate worldwide also have to advise our plant selections.

Here's a list of MS native plants - follow this link for full details.

Mississippi Commercially available native plant species suitable for planned landscapes in Mississippi.
Thumb	Species	Characteristics
	Acer negundo Ash-leaf maple, Ash-leaved maple, Box elder, Boxelder, Fresno de guajuco	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun Water: Moist
	Acer rubrum var. drummondii Drummond's maple, Drummond red maple, Swamp maple	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Achillea millefolium Common yarrow, Yarrow, Milfoil, Western yarrow	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Aesculus pavia Scarlet Buckeye, Red buckeye, Firecracker plant	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub, Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Amelanchier arborea Common serviceberry, Downy serviceberry, Shadbush, Juneberry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Amsonia tabernaemontana Eastern bluestar, Blue dogbane, Willow amsonia, Woodland bluestar	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot	Duration: Perennial Habit: Grass/Grass-like Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Aquilegia canadensis Eastern red columbine, Wild red columbine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Aralia spinosa Devil's walkingstick, Devil’s walking-stick, Prickly Ash, Hercules club, Angelica tree	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Asclepias lanceolata Fewflower milkweed, Few-flower milkweed, Red milkweed	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Wet
	Asclepias tuberosa Butterflyweed, Butterfly milkweed, Orange milkweed, Pleurisy root	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Asimina parviflora Smallflower pawpaw, Small-flower pawpaw, Dwarf pawpaw	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water:
	Asimina triloba Pawpaw, Common paw paw, Indian banana	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Asplenium platyneuron Ebony spleenwort	Duration: Perennial Habit: Fern Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Athyrium filix-femina Common ladyfern, Lady fern, Ladyfern, Subarctic lady fern	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb, Fern Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Betula nigra River birch, Red birch	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Bignonia capreolata Crossvine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Vine Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats grama	Duration: Perennial Habit: Grass/Grass-like Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Callicarpa americana American beautyberry, French mulberry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Callirhoe papaver Woodland Poppy-mallow, Woodland poppymallow	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light:  Water:
	Calycanthus floridus Eastern sweetshrub, Carolina allspice, Sweet shrub	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Campsis radicans Trumpet creeper, Trumpet vine, Common trumpet creeper, Cow vine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Vine Light: Sun Water: Moist, Dry
	Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam, Blue beech, Musclewood, Ironwood	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Carya glabra Pignut hickory	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Carya illinoinensis Pecan	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun Water: Moist
	Catalpa bignonioides Southern catalpa, Cigar tree, Indian bean	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Cercis canadensis Eastern redbud, Redbud	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Chionanthus virginicus White fringetree, Fringe tree, Grancy Graybeard	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Cliftonia monophylla Buckwheat tree, Buckwheat bush	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun Water: Wet
	Commelina erecta Whitemouth dayflower, Widow's tears, Day flower, White-mouth dayflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Conoclinium coelestinum Blue mistflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf coreopsis, Lanceleaf tickseed, Lance-leaved coreopsis, Sand coreopsis	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Coreopsis tinctoria Plains coreopsis, Golden tickseed, Goldenwave, Calliopsis	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Cornus drummondii Roughleaf dogwood, Drummond's dogwood, Rough-leaf dogwood	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Cornus florida Flowering dogwood, Virginia dogwood	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Crataegus opaca Mayhaw, Riverflat hawthorn, Western mayhaw	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Crinum americanum Crinum lily, Seven sisters, Swamp lily, Southern swamp lily, String lily	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Cyrilla racemiflora Swamp titi, Titi, Leatherwood, Swamp cyrilla, Palo colorado	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Delphinium carolinianum Carolina larkspur, Blue larkspur, Prairie larkspur, Espuela del caballero	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Diospyros virginiana Common persimmon, Eastern persimmon	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Dracopis amplexicaulis Clasping coneflower, Clasping-leaf coneflower	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Echinacea pallida Pale purple coneflower, Pale coneflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Moist, Dry
	Echinacea purpurea Eastern purple coneflower, Purple coneflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus Trumpetweed, Queen of the meadow, Hollow Joe-pye weed, Joe-pye weed	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Wet, Moist
	Fagus grandifolia American beech	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Forestiera acuminata Eastern swamp-privet, Eastern swampprivet	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Fothergilla major Mountain witchalder, Mountain witch-alder, Large fothergilla	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water:
	Frangula caroliniana Carolina buckthorn, Carolina false buckthorn, Indian cherry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash, Red ash	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist, Dry
	Gaillardia pulchella Firewheel, Indian Blanket	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf huckleberry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water:
	Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina jessamine, Yellow jessamine, Evening trumpetflower, Poor man's rope	Duration: Perennial Habit: Vine Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Gentiana saponaria Harvestbells, Soapwort gentian	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water:
	Glandularia canadensis Rose vervain, Sweet william, Rose mock vervain	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust, Common Honey-locust, Honey-locust, Thornless common honey-locust, Honey shucks	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Gordonia lasianthus Gordonia, Loblolly bay	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun Water: Moist
	Halesia diptera Two-wing silverbell, Silver bell, Two-winged silverbell, Snowdrop tree, American snowdrop tree	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub, Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Hamamelis virginiana Witch hazel, American witch hazel	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Helianthus angustifolius Swamp sunflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Hibiscus coccineus Scarlet rose-mallow, Scarlet rosemallow, Texas star hibiscus, Wild red mallow	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Wet
	Hydrangea arborescens Wild hydrangea, Sevenbark	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Hydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf hydrangea, Oak-leaf hydrangea	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Shade Water: Moist
	Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides St. Andrew's cross	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water:
	Ilex decidua Possumhaw, Possumhaw Holly, Deciduous Holly, Winterberry, Deciduous yaupon	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Ilex opaca American holly, Christmas holly	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Dry
	Ilex vomitoria Yaupon, Yaupon holly, Cassina	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub, Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Ipomopsis rubra Standing cypress, Texas plume, Red Texas star, Red gilia	Duration: Biennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Iris brevicaulis Zigzag iris	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Iris fulva Copper iris, Red iris	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Iris giganticaerulea Blue flag, Giant blue iris	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Iris virginica Virginia iris, Great Blue Flag	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Wet
	Itea virginica Virginia sweetspire, Tassel-white	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Juglans nigra Black walnut, Eastern black walnut	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar, Eastern redcedar, Virginia juniper	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Kosteletzkya virginica Virginia saltmarsh mallow, Virginia fen-rose, Seashore mallow, Salt Marsh-mallow	Duration: Perennial Habit: Subshrub Light: Sun Water: Moist
	Leucothoe axillaris Coastal doghobble, Coast leucothoe	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Liatris elegans Blazing star, Gay feather, Pink-scale gayfeather, Pinkscale blazing star	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Dry
	Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazing Star, Kansas Ggayfeather, Cat-tail Gayfeather, Hairy Button-snakeroot	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Moist, Dry
	Liatris squarrosa Blazing star, Scaly blazing star, Scaly gayfeather	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Dry
	Lilium michauxii Carolina lily	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Lindera benzoin Northern spicebush, Spicebush	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist, Dry
	Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum, American sweetgum	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Lobelia siphilitica Great blue lobelia	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Lonicera sempervirens Coral honeysuckle, Trumpet honeysuckle, Woodbine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Vine Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Malus angustifolia Southern crabapple, Wild crabapple	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Monarda citriodora Lemon beebalm, Horsemint, Purple horsemint, Lemon mint, Plains horsemint, Lemon horsemint	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Monarda fistulosa Wild bergamot, Beebalm	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Monarda punctata Spotted beebalm, Spotted horsemint, Horsemint	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Dry
	Morella cerifera Wax myrtle, Southern bayberry, Candleberry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Oenothera speciosa Pink evening primrose, Showy evening primrose, Mexican evening primrose, Showy primrose, Pink ladies, Buttercups, Pink buttercups	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Moist, Dry
	Osmanthus americanus Devilwood, Wild olive	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Osmunda regalis Royal fern	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb, Fern Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist
	Ostrya virginiana Eastern hop-hornbeam, Hophornbeam, Ironwood	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood, Sorrel tree	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water:
	Panicum virgatum Switchgrass, Wand panic grass	Duration: Perennial Habit: Grass/Grass-like Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper	Duration: Perennial Habit: Vine Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Penstemon digitalis Mississippi penstemon, Smooth white beardtongue, Talus slope penstemon, Foxglove beardtongue	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Wet, Moist, Dry
	Phlox divaricata Wild blue phlox, Louisiana phlox, Blue woodland phlox, Sweet william, Wild sweet william	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Phlox pilosa Downy phlox, Prairie phlox, Fragrant phlox	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Photinia pyrifolia Red chokeberry, Red chokecherry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun Water: Moist
	Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine, Yellow pine, Spruce pine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Pinus elliottii Slash pine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Pinus glabra Spruce pine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Pinus palustris Longleaf pine, Georgia pine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun Water: Dry
	Pinus taeda Loblolly pine, Old field pine, Bull pine, Rosemary pine	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Platanus occidentalis American sycamore, Buttonwood, Plane-tree, Sycamore	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern	Duration: Perennial Habit: Fern Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum, Sandhill plum	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Prunus mexicana Mexican plum, Bigtree plum	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Prunus serotina Black cherry, Rum cherry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Quercus alba White oak, Northern white oak, Stave Oak, Ridge White Oak, Forked-leaf White Oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Quercus falcata Southern red oak, Spanish oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Quercus nigra Water oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Quercus phellos Willow oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Quercus shumardii Shumard oak, Shumard's oak, Shumard red oak, Southern red oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Quercus stellata Post oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Quercus virginiana Coastal live oak, Southern live oak, Live oak	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Ratibida columnifera Mexican hat, Prairie coneflower, Upright prairie coneflower, Red-spike mexican-hat, Long-headed coneflower, Thimbleflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Moist, Dry
	Rhododendron austrinum Orange azalea, Florida azalea, Yellow azalea	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Rhododendron canescens Mountain azalea, Wild azalea, Honeysuckle azalea, Piedmont azalea, Sweet azalea, Hoary azalea, Southern pinxterflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Rhus glabra Smooth sumac	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust, Honey locust	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun Water: Moist, Dry
	Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan, Common black-eyed Susan, Brown-eyed Susan	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf coneflower, Green-head coneflower, Cut-leaf coneflower	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Salvia azurea Pitcher sage, Big blue sage, Azure sage, Giant blue sage, Blue sage	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Common elderberry, Black elder, Mexican elderberry, Common elder, Elderberry, Tapiro, Sauco	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Part-shade Water: Wet
	Sassafras albidum Sassafras	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Spartina patens Marsh-hay cord grass, Salt-meadow cord grass, Saltmeadow cordgrass	Duration: Perennial Habit: Grass/Grass-like Light: Sun Water: Wet
	Spigelia marilandica Woodland pinkroot, Pinkroot, Indian pink, Spigelia	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Stewartia malacodendron Silky camellia, Virginia stewartia	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Shade Water:
	Stokesia laevis Stokes aster	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry, Indian currant, Buckbrush	Duration: Perennial Habit: Shrub Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Taxodium distichum Bald cypress, Baldcypress, Common bald cypress, Southern bald cypress, Deciduous cypress	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Tilia americana American basswood, American linden, Lime tree, Bee tree	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist, Dry
	Trifolium reflexum Buffalo clover	Duration: Annual Habit: Herb Light: Sun Water: Dry
	Ulmus alata Winged elm, Wahoo	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Ulmus americana American elm, White elm	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Sun, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Ulmus crassifolia Cedar elm, Fall elm, Olmo	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Moist
	Vaccinium arboreum Farkleberry, Tree sparkleberry, Sparkleberry	Duration: Perennial Habit: Tree Light: Part-shade Water: Dry
	Viola pedata Birdfoot violet, Bird’s-foot violet, Bird-foot violet	Duration: Perennial Habit: Herb Light: Shade, Part-shade Water: Dry
	Wisteria frutescens American wisteria, Texas wisteria, Kentucky wisteria	Duration: Perennial Habit: Vine Light: Sun, Shade, Part-shade Water: Moist
	Yucca aloifolia Aloe yucca, Spanish dagger	Duration: Perennial Habit: Cactus/Succulent Light: Sun Water: Dry